Some details are clouded by contradictory statements and disinformation. But a pattern of rapid escalation brought the conflict to the brink of catastrophe.

Through the media, both sides are trying to shape perceptions of what the fighting has achieved and who has “won”.  Read more at straitstimes.com. Read more at straitstimes.com.

By complicating Indian efforts to escalate, while offering a path to peace, Ankara effectively used the war to enhance its own status in the post-American world order.