Israel and Ukraine have used drones against their adversaries in audacious ways that have helped the Pentagon see the need for new technology.

After deadly attacks and warnings from Ukraine and Israel’s drone strategies, the Pentagon is scrambling to adapt to a fast-moving threat.

Kyiv has rapidly developed a formidable arsenal of indigenously manufactured drones in response to Russia’s invasion, allowing it to inflict heavy damage on Moscow.

Russia launched a large-scale aerial assault on Ukraine’s capital Kyiv in the early hours of Thursday, marking a second consecutive night of ferocious attacks on the country, as Russia ramps up its bombardment more than three years into the war.

Drone warfare between Russia and Ukraine grows more varied and deadly. That means the infantry must adapt. Inside a storied Ukrainian brigade.

Ukraine has stabilised the lines around Pokrovsk since the turn of the year. The Russian army, blocked at the entrance to the city, is attempting a pincer movement. Magyar’s Birds, one of Ukraine’s elite drone units, has helped to slow their advances by picking off troops and supply lines up to 20km (12.4 miles) behind the front.

Russian President Vladimir Putin’s forces launched a massive aerial assault on Ukraine early Thursday for the second time in two days.