Laboratory animals are anesthetized to avoid pain during invasive procedures. Anesthesia is necessary for these animals' welfare, but it is not always without problems: Substandard anesthesia can ...

Intra-operative monitoring of the surgical patient is important to the evaluation of the status of anesthetized animals. Beyond the obvious value of knowing the anesthetic plane of the patient, the ...

Today, anesthesia enables completely painless surgical procedures. It is already known from electroencephalography (EEG) studies on patients that during anesthesia the brain enters a deep sleep-like ...