Human skin samples for microbiome analysis are traditionally collected using a non-invasive swabbing method. Here, we compared the differences in bacterial community structures on scalp hair and ...

Biofilms, which are structures formed by microorganisms, are protected by extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) secreted by bacteria against external threats, including antibiotics. The current ...

Bacteria are traditionally imagined as single-cell organisms, spread out sparsely over surfaces or suspended in liquids, but in many environments the true bacterial mode of growth is in sticky ...