Planarians, small flatworms less than a centimeter long, have a rich and controversial history in the science of memory. It all began in 1955, when biopsychologist James McConnell and his colleague ...

When an organism encounters a threat in its environment, it is to the species’ advantage to warn others of the peril. The microscopic roundworm C. elegans regularly encounters dangers in its ...

Researchers demonstrated that the microscopic worm C. elegans uses a retrotransposon called Cer1 to transfer a learned behavior (avoidance of a pathogenic bacterium) between worms. In earlier work, ...