“Our study shows that physiological concentrations of hormones and neurotransmitters can serve as biomarkers of canine temperament,” the team writes. “These results could help identify dogs suited for ...

Dogs who scored well on the Wesen test, which is used to analyze a dog’s temperament, tended to have lower levels of cortisol ...

Calmer dogs show lower stress hormones and higher mood chemicals during temperament tests using saliva samples.

The current gold standard for judging canine character involves tests like the “Wesen test” (German for “character” or ...

Dogs who scored well on the Wesen test, which is used to analyze a dog's temperament, tended to have lower levels of cortisol, often called the "stress hormone," and higher levels of serotonin, often ...

We include products we think are useful for our readers. If you buy through links on this page, we may earn a small commission. Here’s our process. A cortisol test usually involves a blood test.