Immerse yourself in the study of German language, culture, and society. Take courses with German students at the Freie Universität Berlin. Live with a German family. Explore Berlin and Germany through ...

Visit our Data & Figures, Earth Institute and CSAS.org Websites. Sign up for my occasional Communications here. Recent Communications November 21, 2025: Warning! This “Colorful Chart” is Censored by ...

Kermit protocol originally was designed to operate under the worst conditions, and its robust default tuning was at the expense of speed. Thus there has been a widespread misconception that Kermit is ...

Page last updated July 23 2020 (added Fermín Travi's adaptation of Alan Lee's Python scripts for response-specific meta-d' analysis) The original version of this webpage is archived here. MATLAB files ...

The IBM Type 012 tabletop key punch (1925) was the first model capable of duplication; that is, automatically copying columns from one card to another. Left: What appears to be a Type 012 Electric ...

The IBM Type 602-A Calculating Punch (1948); photo from the IBM 602-A Principles of Operation. In the first half of the 20th Century, IBM's flagship product was the Tabulator, which is pretty much ...

The IBM 2260 Display Station, 1964; Photo: IBM 1964. This is one of the very first video display terminals. 2260s were installed at Columbia in the 2nd-floor Computer Center public-access terminal ...

Location: Gambia is located on the west coast of Africa between latitude 13 and 14 degrees north and 13 and 17 degrees west. The Gambia is a virtual enclave in the Republic of Senegal. The country is ...

Developed in the mid-1950s as part of IBM's Modular Accounting Calculator (MAC) program, the IBM 608 is a transistorized version of the 604 that "combines the newest advances in electronics to perform ...

Columbia's Herman Hollerith pioneered punch card computation beginning in the late 1880s, when he chose punched cards as the medium for encoding and storing demographic data for the 1890 US Census, ...

1978. The Digital Equipment Corporation VT100 was the first ANSI X3.64 compliant terminal and featured lots of innovations including control by an Intel 8085 microprocessor (rather than custom ...

Columbia University Rugby Football Club is a competitive, intercollegiate rugby club open to all students of the university. During the fall we play in the recently formed Ivy League Championship ...