Tunnel Boring Machine (TBM) construction is a mechanized tunnelling method used for excavating underground tunnels with minimal surface disruption. A TBM is a massive cylindrical machine equipped with a rotating cutterhead that excavates soil or rock while advancing forward. The excavated material is transported out of the tunnel via conveyor belts muck transportation or slurry pipelines, depending on the TBM type. Simultaneously, pre-cast concrete segments are installed along the tunnel walls t